Enfermería Cuidándote is a scientific journal conceived to promote the investigation and spread of scientific works carried out by nurses, both by publishing their manuscripts and by recognising their professional authorship. In addition, it is a pedagogical tool that contributes to research training<span style="color: #222222; font-size: small; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">. This journal gives them the possibility to start publishing their scientific works. It is also a way to support the professional development of the nursing community. The present journal contains original research, clinical cases, research protocols, bibliographical reviews, etc. in relation to different areas of the Science of Nursing Care. Our contents are mainly intended for Spanish-speaking Nursing professionals and Health Sciences professionals in general.
Assessment of the perception of self-care among adolescents in Andalusia
Introduction: Given the growing concern surrounding risk behaviors in adolescence and the limited exploration of self-care from a multidimensional perspective, this study is justified by the need to analyze this phenomenon in a comprehensive manner. Objectives. The overall objective was to assess the level of self-care among young people in Andalusia and analyze its variations following the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we sought to examine the relationship between self-care and the risk of eating disorders (EDs) and negative exercise addiction (NEA). Methodology. A mixed research design was used. The quantitative phase consisted of a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,018 adolescents to validate the Youth Self-Care Practice and Management questionnaire. The qualitative phase was based on interviews with teachers to gain insight into the social and educational context. Results. The findings revealed a strong interrelationship between the self-care dimensions, confirming family support as a significant protective factor. Regression analysis identified that greater frequency of physical activity and self-care management were significant predictors of increased ED risk. For NEA risk, only physical activity was found to be a significant predictor. Discussion and Conclusion. The study validates the PGJ questionnaire as an effective tool for early risk detection. The findings conclude that it is essential to implement a comprehensive approach that actively involves families and educational centers to effectively promote healthy habits and well-being among adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with a global impact. University students are particularly vulnerable, as they adopt unhealthy habits such as a sedentary lifestyle, high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets, and stress during their academic studies. Objective: To identify and analyze risk factors for T2DM in sixth-semester nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted. Thirty-four university students participated, selected using purposive non-probability sampling. A structured questionnaire was used, physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and capillary blood glucose were taken. Results: 17.6% of the students presented values compatible with prediabetes, although none had a previous diagnosis of T2DM. Among the modifiable factors, 32.4% were overweight, 2.9% obese, 23.5% had high blood pressure, and 20.6% had an elevated waist circumference. Conclusions: The sample showed a homogeneous sociodemographic profile, predominantly young, single, mixed-race women. Although without a previous diagnosis of T2DM, 17.6% were at risk for prediabetes, demonstrating early metabolic vulnerability in this group. This finding underscores the need for preventive intervention through the promotion of healthy lifestyles among university students.
Strategies for the prevention of post-intensive care syndrome in pediatric patients. Literature review
Introduction: Scientific and technological advancements have contributed to the survival of critically ill pediatric patients, although this entails a series of physical, cognitive, and mental morbidities that directly affect the post-critical patient and their families. This is known as pediatric post-intensive care syndrome (PICS-P). Due to its importance, this literature review aims to provide a synthesis of the available information to reduce or prevent the onset of this syndrome in the pediatric population. Methodology: Literature review of the past five years in PubMed, CINAHL, BVS, Metasearch engines, TRIP Database, Epistemonikos, Cochrane, Health, and JBI. Results: It has been proven that the use of ICU diaries provides psychological benefits for the family nucleus. Early mobilization and rehabilitation are potentially effective strategies to prevent complications, delays in mobility and prolonged hospital stays. Additionally, when combined with nutritional therapy, they prevent muscle mass loss. The use of non-benzodiazepine sedatives (dexmedetomidine), along with good sleep hygiene, significantly aids in the management of delirium. The ABCDEFGH bundles, adapted to paediatrics, and the LiberAction project in the face of limited resources, are good measures for the prevention of PICS. Conclusion: Although there is little evidence in pediatrics, the early implementation of measures to prevent PICS is much more effective than post-discharge treatment. Nurses are crucially important for the implementation of these measures.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Thermal analysis of the diabetic foot using mobile infrared thermography: A pilot study in primary care
Introduction: Infrared thermography is a non-invasive tool for early detection of complications associated with the diabetic foot. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of mobile infrared thermography as a complementary screening technique for diabetic patients in primary care settings. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study with 20 diabetic patients was conducted at a primary care center in Málaga, Spain. Thermal images were captured following the TISEM consensus using a FLIR One Edge Pro® device. Thermographic variables including the Thermal Risk Index and thermal asymmetry were analyzed with ThermoHuman® software and correlated with clinical variables such as neuropathy, ankle–brachial index, and self-care knowledge. Results: Forty-five percent of participants showed moderate to high risk of ulceration according to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. No significant differences in thermal asymmetry were found over time (p > 0.05). Mixed-effects modelling did not reveal significant associations between ankle–brachial index, neuropathy, and thermal asymmetry. Conclusions: Mobile infrared thermography can detect plantar thermal changes related to ulceration risk. However, further studies are needed to support its systematic implementation in diabetic foot screening.
Burnout syndrome in pre-complex examination nursing students
The present study aimed to analyze the presence of Burnout Syndrome among final-semester Nursing students prior to taking the comprehensive examination. The research was conducted with 134 fourth-semester students from the Libertad Higher Technological University Institute in Quito, Ecuador. To assess the syndrome, the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI-SS) was administered. This instrument consists of 22 items that evaluate three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The results revealed that a significant proportion of students experienced symptoms associated with Burnout. Regarding emotional exhaustion, 32.84% of the participants presented high levels, while 49.25% showed low levels. In terms of personal accomplishment, 51.49% achieved high levels; however, 48.51% reported a low perception of academic success. Concerning depersonalization, 37.31% demonstrated high levels, reflecting a degree of emotional detachment from the learning process. The relationship between Burnout and variables such as gender, academic workload, number of children, and study hours was also examined. Students with greater family responsibilities tended to experience higher levels of emotional exhaustion, whereas those who devoted more time to studying reported greater fatigue and lower academic satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated that younger students experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion (β = -0.57; p = 0.040). Furthermore, the instrument demonstrated high reliability (α = 0.824). Additionally, greater resilience was found to be associated with lower emotional exhaustion and higher personal accomplishment, highlighting the importance of implementing support strategies and stress-management interventions to promote the well-being of future nursing professionals.
Smartphone use and musculoskeletal symptoms in nursing students
Introduction: The use of smartphones has increased, becoming an essential tool for various activities, ranging from academic to recreational; however, their excessive use can have adverse health consequences, especially on the musculoskeletal system. Objective: To analyze the relationship between smartphone use and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato. Methodology: A quantitative methodology was used, with a cross-sectional observational design and correlational scope. Two validated instruments were applied: the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SASV-SV) and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 242 students. Results: A positive correlation (0.001 < 0.05), albeit weak (0.335), was identified between smartphone use and the onset of musculoskeletal disorders in the previous 12 months. Likewise, a positive correlation of 0.001 < 0.05, also weak (0.208), was observed between smartphone use and the inability to perform normal activities due to musculoskeletal discomfort experienced in the past 12 months. However, there was no correlation between smartphone use and the onset of symptoms in the past 7 days. Conclusions: Prolonged smartphone use is correlated with musculoskeletal problems, underscoring the need to increase awareness about responsible smartphone use and reduce addictive use to mitigate adverse effects on student health.
Profile of professional values according to the perspective of nursing students
Objective: To analyze professional values from the perspective of nursing students. Methodology: A quantitative approach with a descriptive, field and cross-sectional scope was used. The population consisted of 210 seventh semester and rotating internship students of the Nursing Career of the Technical University of Ambato, Ecuador, with a sample of 144 students. The students who received the bioethics course and had experience in hospital internships were selected, and students who were absent at the time of applying the survey and those who did not want to fill out the form were excluded. The nursing values scale was applied, which consists of 3 dimensions: ethical dimension, commitment dimension and mastery dimension. Results: 84% of the population studied was 18-25 years old, with a predominance of 81.9% of the female sex. With respect to the ethical dimension, 47.9% of the students consider it very important to practice the profession taking into account principles of fidelity and respect for the person; of the commitment dimension, 50% initiate actions for the improvement of the professional practice environment; and of the mastery dimension, 50% perceive as important to be involved in a process of continuous self-evaluation. Conclusion: The students' perception of professional values was largely positive with responses of “very important” and “important” in all dimensions (ethics, commitment and mastery), implying that their professional profile is centered on professional values.
Nursing interventions on eating patterns in nursing students
Introduction: Dietary patterns are dietary behaviors that represent the selection, preparation, and consumption of food within a sociocultural framework. These practices are shaped by familial, cultural, and social influences and change throughout life. Objective: To identify the dietary patterns practiced by first-semester nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach, with an observational design and descriptive scope, was used. The sample consisted of 105 first-semester nursing students selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A self-administered questionnaire was administered through the students' WhatsApp groups. Data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS, incorporating measures of central tendency and frequency distribution tables. Results: The main findings indicated that the majority of students follow partially adequate dietary practices. A notable deficiency in fruit and vegetable consumption was identified, along with a significant consumption of processed foods, such as chips, soft drinks, and confectionery. Furthermore, it was observed that most students consumed their main meals at home with their families. Conclusion: This study highlights the need to implement educational interventions and social support strategies aimed at improving students' eating patterns, thus promoting a more balanced and healthy diet.
Nursing leadership and its organizational impact in the hospital. Bibliographic review
Introduction: Nursing leadership is defined as the ability of nursing staff to influence, direct and organize teams within the hospital environment, facilitating effective communication and cultivating a constructive work environment. This form of leadership encompasses competencies such as empathy, conflict resolution and strategic decision making. Objective: To evaluate the influence of nursing leadership and its organizational impact in the hospital setting through a systematic review. Methodology: A literature review was conducted following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search included academic databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Semantic, Dialnet, and Google Scholar. Under the guidelines of the PRISMA Diagram, 19 relevant studies were included. The data were classified into three main categories: leadership styles, leadership characteristics and leadership impact. Results: The analysis revealed that transformational and transactional leadership styles are positively correlated with job satisfaction, mutual trust and the practice of a safety culture. In addition, specific leadership development programs were shown to enhance the competencies of nursing leaders. Conclusions: Leadership effectiveness in nursing has a beneficial effect on organizational performance, particularly with regard to job satisfaction and patient safety. However, methodological and contextual limitations have been identified, highlighting the need for longitudinal research.
Nursing students' perception of spiritual and religious needs in hospitalized adult patients
Introduction: Spirituality is a key component of well-being, recognized by the WHO as part of comprehensive health care. However, its approach in the hospital setting remains limited. Objective: To analyze the perception of nursing students about the spiritual and religious needs of adult patients hospitalized at the Technical University of Ambato. Specific: To evaluate the level of empathy of nursing students. To analyze how nursing students address spiritual and religious needs. To explore students' attitudes regarding the integration of spiritual and religious care. Methodology: Qualitative-quantitative study carried out with 64 seventh semester students. The Jefferson Empathy Scale was applied to measure the perception of spiritual care and a focus group to explore experiences and attitudes. Results: 48.4% of students had a medium level of empathy towards spiritual care, while 26.6% had low levels. Barriers such as lack of training, time and resources were identified. Most nurses believe that spiritual care strengthens the nurse-patient relationship, but they feel insecure about it due to the lack of practical training. Conclusion: Although students recognize the importance of spirituality in hospital care, their training in this area is insufficient. It is necessary to integrate practical content into the nursing curriculum to strengthen their ability to provide comprehensive and humanized care.
Management of labor pain with alternative therapies: literature review
Introduction: Childbirth marks a crucial moment in a woman's reproductive life and is directly related to pain, which is intense and inevitable. Each woman experiences it differently; there are even differences between births within the same woman. The application of alternative and complementary therapies contributes to a calmer and more satisfying experience, generating maternal and fetal well-being. Objective: To analyze the management of labor pain with alternative therapies based on scientific evidence. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Dialnet, Scielo, and Redalyc following PRISMA guidelines. In addition, studies published between 2019 and 2024, written in English and Spanish, were included. Results: Thirteen articles were analyzed, the subject of which was to identify the most commonly used alternative therapies that reduce pain during labor, the results of the application of different alternative techniques in previous studies, and their benefits against pain. Among them, hydrotherapy, breathing exercises, aromatherapy, music therapy, Swiss balls, and support contributed to well-being and satisfaction for the mother-child relationship. Conclusion: Various studies show that alternative and complementary therapies are much more effective when applied during the first stage of labor, considered the most painful and prolonged. However, further research is needed to determine their effectiveness in the second and third stages of labor.
Consumption of non-prescription medications in nursing students
Introduction: Self-medication, understood as the consumption of medications without medical supervision, is a prevalent practice among nursing students. Factors such as academic pressure, access to medications and the false security derived from their academic training contribute to this problem. Objective: To analyze the consumption of medications without a medical prescription in students in the fifth, sixth and seventh semesters of the Nursing Degree. Methodology: A descriptive, transversal and quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 168 students. A validated instrument was used to collect sociodemographic information and self-medication practices. The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Results: 55.4% of students reported self-medication, mainly to treat mild symptoms such as body aches (19%) and colds (13.7%). The main reasons were saving time and money (39.9%). The most commonly used medications were acetaminophen (49.4%) and antibiotics (19.6%). The Internet was the main source of information (15.5%). Although 88.7% recognized the risks, 59.5% considered self-medication “moderately safe”. Conclusions: Self-medication is common among nursing students, driven by the perception of convenience and prior knowledge. It is necessary to reinforce their training in the rational use of medications to guarantee safe and responsible practices in their future professional work.
Nursing Interventions associated with the application of TISS-28 in ICU patients
Introduction: Nursing professionals in the ICU play a fundamental role in the care of critically ill patients, requiring technical knowledge, advanced skills, and emotional support for patients and families. Objective: To analyze the nursing interventions associated with the application of the TISS-28 in the ICU of the Manuel Ygnacio Monteros General Hospital. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 23 nurses and all patients cared for during one month. Two instruments were used: a sociodemographic and work data sheet for the nursing staff and the TISS-28, which measures the degree of nursing interventions, with high validity and realiability. Results: The nursing staff was predominantly female (95,7%), aged between 30-38 years, single (69,9%), and with third-level studies (95,7%). The work experience was predominantly between 1-10 years, and in the ICU between 1-5 years. According to the TISS-28, interventions such as standard monitoring (18%), mechanical ventilation (36%), use of central venous catheter (43%) and enteral nutrition (74%) stood out. The most frequent level of intervention was Grade III: Intensive monitoring (55,1%). Conclusions: The TISS-28 is an effective tool to measure interventions in ICUs, demonstrating the high preparation and commitment of nursing staff. These interventions guarantee comprehensive and efficient care for critical patients, addresing the complexity of their clinical conditions.
Adherence to pharmacological treatment in hypertensive patients over 65 years of age
Arterial hypertension is considered a chronic non-communicable disease, associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, causing 9.4 million deaths per year worldwide. In underdeveloped countries, its prevalence is increasing and access to medication is decreasing, estimating a higher prevalence (8%) for the year 2030. Knowledge and adequate pharmacological treatment of this disease are important for its timely health control. There are several components involved in poor drug adherence such as different comorbidities, level of education, sex of the patients, among others. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors related to adequate pharmacological adherence in older adults. This observational, descriptive and correlational study seeks to determine the relationship between sex, age, marital status and level of education with the level of pharmacological adherence. The sample consisted of 104 participants, where the highest percentage of hypertensive patients were women (77.9%). Eighty-eight point five percent had partial adherence and 11.5% had poor adherence to medication. There was no statistically significant association between the level of adherence and the sociodemographic variables of the participants. It is necessary to educate patients by stressing the importance of the continuity of pharmacological treatment to reduce or even prevent the development of other associated diseases.
Factors Associated with Surgical Timeliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Medellin, Colombia: a Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, causing significant delays in surgical care and jeopardizing the timeliness and safety of procedures. The objective was to describe the factors associated with surgical opportunity in patients operated in a high complexity institution in Medellin, Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A descriptive study with a cross-sectional analytical component was carried out, including the medical records of 128 patients by census of the period, who were operated on in the period from 2020 July to December. Patients operated under any anesthetic technique (general or regional) of legal age and who were treated in the IPS of the study were included. Procedures performed under local anesthesia or sedation were excluded. For quantitative variables, the Mann-Whitney U test and kruskal wallis test were used to compare with the dependent variable. For each of the analyses, a significance for hypothesis testing (α) of 5% was used, with 95% confidence. Results and Discussion: It was found that surgical timeliness times were higher in patients coming from outpatient services (p=0.001). It was also observed that professional nurses performed antisepsis in surgeries with better surgical timeliness and that auxiliary nurses performed antisepsis in surgeries with more days (p=0.001). Patients who did not require ICU postoperatively had higher median surgical timeliness (p=0.891), and elective surgery patients had longer waiting times (p=0.001). The involvement of nursing staff in antisepsis was associated with shorter times, underscoring its importance in process optimization. Conclusion: The results show that surgical timeliness is influenced by multiple factors, including the patient's origin, surgical specialty, type of procedure and personnel involved in asepsis. Patients from outpatient services and those undergoing procedures such as prosthesis replacement and saphenectomy presented longer waiting times. Further studies are required for a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Quality of life in women who attend the Isidro Ayora General Hospital
General objective: To analyze the quality of life of women attending the Isidro Ayora General Hospital in Loja. Materials and methods: This study had a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional design, carried out in the year 2024 and included a population of 566 women who attended various services of the Isidro Ayora General Hospital during the study period, selected by simple manual randomization. To collect data, a survey was used and the SF-36 questionnaire (Short Form Health Survey), validated by experts and with a Cronbach's reliability of 0.827, was used as an instrument. Results: Most of the participants were between 20 and 39 years of age (49.12%), married (37.81%), with a high school diploma (46.64%) and living in urban areas (65.19%). Regarding the level of quality of life, the average level stands out (46.11%); however, 22.26% reported a low level. When analyzing its dimensions, general and mental health are located at the average level. In addition, physical role was perceived as very low (58.09%) and physical function very high (20.17%). What is most striking is the emotional role, with similar values at the very low (35.31%) and very high (32.91%) levels. Conclusions: The results manifest that some participants present an average or high level of quality of life; however, when analyzing their dimensions, very low scores are evidenced in the physical and emotional roles indicating serious limitations in their well-being.
Debriefing as a fundamental component of learning in nursing students
Introduction: Debriefing has been consolidated as a fundamental component in the learning process of nursing students, as it is a key tool for critical reflection and consolidation of clinical competencies. Through this technique, students have the opportunity to evaluate their interventions in simulated situations, identify areas for improvement and strengthen technical and soft skills, such as communication, and teamwork. Methodology: The present quantitative study has a non-experimental design and descriptive scope. The sample was obtained by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, including the teaching staff and the student body that met the inclusion criteria, in which 40 people belonging to the student body and 10 from the teaching staff participated. For data collection, the “Evaluation of Debriefing for Health Simulation (EDSS)” instrument was used, validated by experts, with Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.89, which allows evaluation of the effectiveness of debriefing from the perspectives of the student body and the evaluator. Results: It shows that debriefing is perceived as a valuable and effective tool for the learning of nursing students. Conclusions: Debriefing has a significant impact on knowledge retention and critical skills development in nursing students.
Breastfeeding in working women and students in the Faculty of Health Sciences
Introduction: Breastfeeding is one of the most beneficial practices for the newborn, as it contains all the nutrients the child needs for optimal development. Objective: To determine the experiences lived during the breastfeeding period in women who work and study at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was carried out from September 2024 to February 2025. Ten breastfeeding women were interviewed through semi-structured interviews, analyzed by thematic coding with double coding, methodological triangulation, and validation with participants. Results: The participants' experiences reflected a complex reality in which they had to adopt strategies such as expressing and storing milk, using manual or electric pumps, and organizing their time with family support. The most frequent barriers were the lack of adequate spaces, ignorance of rights, academic and work overload, and economic limitations. However, positive aspects were highlighted, such as the strengthening of the mother-child bond and occasional support from some teachers and employers. Conclusions: The practice of breastfeeding is based on mothers' personal commitment to strengthening their emotional bond with their children, which allowed them to cope with environmental limitations. These experiences highlight the need for more inclusive institutional policies that promote a balance between motherhood and work or school in order to promote maternal and child health.
Knowledge and attitudes about euthanasia in nursing students
Introduction: Euthanasia is the act of intentionally ending a person's life, with the purpose of relieving the suffering of the person suffering from a terminal or painful illness. Greater knowledge promotes informed decisions and empathetic support, while personal beliefs can lead to compassionate support or emotional conflict. Objective: To analyze the knowledge and attitudes about euthanasia in nursing students. Methods: Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, descriptive scope and cross-sectional cohort. The population consisted of 102 sixth and seventh semester students, to whom a questionnaire on knowledge and attitudes towards euthanasia was applied that addressed four sections. Results: 99% of the students have knowledge about bioethics, 54% report that they have completed university studies on bioethics, 92% have heard, seen or read a case of euthanasia and finally 91% are in favor of euthanasia. It was identified that 75.3% of those surveyed had a high level of knowledge about euthanasia and 52.6% had a low level of knowledge regarding opinions about attitudes. The research showed that there is a correlation between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards euthanasia. Conclusions: The analysis of the attitudes of Nursing students towards euthanasia revealed a variety of opinions, from favorable positions to rejections, despite the fact that they had knowledge about legal, ethical and medical aspects related to euthanasia.
Research Protocol: Effects of lateral release of pelvic floor prior to the External Cephalic Version
The External Cephalic Version is a safe procedure aimed at changing the fetal breech presentation to a cephalic one by applying external pressure to the mother's abdomen. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the "side-lying release" technique before performing External Cephalic Version to improve the success rate of the procedure in pregnant women receiving care at the Hospital Comarcal de la Axarquía. Although External Cephalic Version has been studied in combination with other techniques, its effectiveness alongside the "side-lying release" has not been evaluated. This technique involves stretching the pelvic floor muscles to enhance pelvic mobility. It is hypothesized that performing this technique before External Cephalic Version could facilitate fetal rotation and increase the procedure’s success rate. The study will be designed as a randomized clinical trial with 161 pregnant women divided into two groups. One group will receive the side-lying release technique before External Cephalic Version, while the other will undergo External Cephalic Version alone. Further research in obstetric biomechanics is necessary. If the hypothesis proves correct, this approach could improve External Cephalic Version success rates, reducing the need for cesarean sections. This would be particularly relevant in a context where the cesarean rate exceeds the limit recommended by the World Health Organization.
International online collaborative learning in nursing: challenges, strategies and opportunities for comprehensive training
Introduction: International online collaborative learning (COIL) represents a significant transformation in higher nursing education, facing important challenges in the implementation of new educational technologies and virtual teaching methodologies. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the challenges, strategies and opportunities presented by this educational modality in the integral formation of future nursing professionals. Method: This is a narrative review study; a search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus indexed databases, using keywords and Boolean operators; considering publications between 2020 and 2024 previously selected for their relevance to the investigated problem. A sample of 30 articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese was obtained and analyzed through critical reading and the inductive method. Results: The main challenges are related to technological limitations, cultural and linguistic barriers, digital infrastructure problems and difficulties of methodological adaptation for teachers and students. However, there is evidence of a significant impact on the development of cognitive, attitudinal and procedural competencies due to the exchange of experiences and knowledge for a comprehensive education. Conclusions: COIL emerges as an innovative methodology that, with appropriate strategies, can significantly enrich the training of nurses, preparing them for a globalized and technologically advanced professional environment.
Knowledge and attitudes to prevent teenage pregnancy in a school in Loja, Ecuador
Introduction: Adolescence is crucial for human development, but teenage pregnancy affects health, society and economy, especially in young people with little education and resources. General objective: To determine the level of knowledge and attitudes towards the prevention of adolescent pregnancy among students of the Pedro Vicente Maldonado Educational Unit. Method: The research had a quantitative approach, descriptive scope and cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 167 students, and the sample consisted of 117, selected by stratified probability sampling. The survey was used as a data collection technique, and a validated and reliable questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge and attitudes. Results: The predominant sex was female, representing 60.7% of the participants, and the most common age group was middle adolescence, with 59.8%. Most of the students came from nuclear households (76.9 %), and the most practiced religion was Catholic (96.6 %). Regarding the level of knowledge about the prevention of adolescent pregnancy, 54.7% of the participants showed medium knowledge, while 30.8% showed a high level and 14.5% showed low knowledge. Regarding attitudes, no significant difference was observed, since 53.8 % adopted unfavorable attitudes, while 46.2 % manifested favorable attitudes on the subject. Conclusions: It is concluded that the lack of knowledge about adolescent pregnancy can lead students to adopt unfavorable attitudes towards this problem.
Sleep hygiene in nursing students at a University in Guayaquil, Ecuador
Introduction: Sleep hygiene is a set of guidelines to have an optimal quality and quantity of sleep and is associated with different factors. Objective: To analyze the sleep hygiene of 8th and 9th semester nursing students from a university in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study was conducted to analyze sleep hygiene in nursing students, based on data obtained in the period 2022-2023. Population: 320 nursing students. Technique: Survey. Instrument: Sleep Hygiene Index. Results: The research shows that 53% are female, aged between 20 and 25 years (47%), urban residence (79%), single (58%), work alternate shifts (morning-night) (51%). According to the categories involved in sleep hygiene, students sleep less than 8 hours a day (61%) and as a factor that triggers nighttime awakening is emotional (44%). In addition, in the application of the index, 28% wake up at different times of the day, 24% perform a previous activity that keeps them awake, and 31% go to bed feeling annoyed or stressed. With respect to the types of sleep disorders, insomnia was found to be the main sleep disturbance (31%). Conclusion: A high score was obtained from the survey, indicating poor sleep hygiene as a result of poor quality of rest.
Epigenetics and its influence on gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. A literature review
Introduction: Epigenetics studies the interaction between genes and environment, influencing health and the development of diseases. During pregnancy, these epigenetic mechanisms can predispose to diseases in offspring. Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation (RCIU) are related to epigenetic mechanisms, which highlights the influence of the prenatal environment on the future health of the fetus in the long term. Objectives: To understand the concept of epigenetics, its relationship in pregnancy and to analyze the correlation between epigenetics and gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Methodology: A research of available evidence was carried out, the main databases and metasearch engines were used, using descriptors of Health Sciences DESC and Medical Subject Headings MeSH, the inclusion criteria were: scientific articles related to the topic under study published between 2014 and 2024, in Spanish and English and of scientific quality. Results: Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and RCIU are closely related to epigenetic mechanisms, which can increase the susceptibility of the fetus to cardiovascular, metabolic and developmental diseases in both the short and long term. Discussion: Early identification of epigenetic biomarkers can improve risk prevention and treatment of complications, benefiting maternal-fetal health. Conclusion: It is important for midwives and other professionals to be familiar with this area in order to promote healthy habits and provide evidence-based health education. Advancing research will allow the development of preventive strategies and improve maternal-fetal health.
EspañolMicrobiota and Endometriosis: is there a relathionship? A review of the literature
Introduction: Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain, infertility, and inflammation. The microbiota, especially the intestinal and vaginal microbiota, plays a crucial role in hormonal and immune regulation, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the female reproductive system and endometriosis, and to investigate the changes in the vaginal, uterine, and intestinal microbiota present in women with this disease. Methodology: An exhaustive search was carried out in scientific databases using DeCS/MeSH terms. The selected articles were in Spanish or English and published between 2014 and 2024. After evaluating their scientific quality, 30 relevant articles were analyzed. Results: The review shows significant alterations in the vaginal, uterine, and intestinal microbiota of women with endometriosis, highlighting dysbiosis characterized by the decrease of beneficial bacteria and the increase of pathogens. These alterations are associated with chronic inflammation, alterations in estrogen metabolism, and disease progression. Discussion: Microbiota analysis could be useful as a noninvasive diagnostic tool. The use of Lactobacillus, vaginal probiotics, and specific antibiotics is proposed as treatment. Conclusions: Microbiota plays a relevant role in the development of endometriosis. It is necessary to continue research and promote public health support to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, which would contribute to improving the quality of life of affected women.
Selfcare and quality of life in the elderly
Introduction: Self-care constitutes a fundamental axis in the stage of old age. Older adults who maintain their independence and autonomy usually have a better perception of their general wellbeing. Objective: To determine the level of self-care and quality of life in older adults attending the Centro Integral de Atención Geriátrica del Cantón Salcedo. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with a population of 59 users, from which a sample of 41 participants was obtained. The Self-Care Agency Assessment Scale and the WHOQOL-OLD test were used, which addressed 6 dimensions, applied in October 2024. Results: Of the 41 older adults, 68.3% presented a low level of self-care. General quality of life was rated as moderately good by 48.8% and good by 48.8% of the participants, which indicated a similar distribution between both ratings; the dimension of death and dying obtained a score above the mean of 3.51, while the dimension of intimacy had the lowest score of 2.67. On the other hand, a moderate direct correlation of 0.589 was found, determining that the higher the level of self-care, the better the participants' perception of quality of life. Conclusion: Despite limitations in self-care including the presence of illness and lack of emotional support, older adults have managed to find satisfaction and well-being in other aspects of their lives.
Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Academic Performance in Students of the Technical University of Ambato
Introduction: Emotional intelligence involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s emotions and is linked to better academic outcomes and greater emotional well-being among students. Objective: To analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance in university nursing students. Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study focused on 68 seventh-semester students enrolled in the September 2024 - February 2025 academic cycle. The TMMS-24 Questionnaire (Emotional Metaknowledge) was applied, using Spearman's correlation to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance, based on Goleman's Theory of Emotional Competence. Results: A large percentage of students exhibited medium levels of emotional intelligence, followed by low levels, with only a minority achieving high levels. Regarding academic performance, most students showed good performance, with fewer cases of very good or average performance. When analyzing the relationship between the variables, Spearman's rating indicated no significant association between emotional intelligence and academic performance in this sample. Conclusion: While emotional competencies are important for the personal and professional development of nursing students, they do not demonstrate a direct impact on academic performance. This finding suggests that academic performance is influenced by additional factors such as learning strategies, institutional support, and socioeconomic conditions.
Delirium and Nursing in adults and older adults. Review of the literature
Introduction: Delirium or confusional syndrome is a neurocognitive disorder with different symptomatology oriented towards cognitive alterations in consciousness and attention. New research is scarce, so there is a need for the present study, an update of knowledge on a relevant syndrome from the perspective of the nursing profession. General objective: To compile scientific knowledge on delirium applied to adults and the elderly from the nursing perspective, specifically seeking to study the triggering factors and the level of knowledge of nursing professionals. Methodology: A literature review study of the current scientific literature (last 5 years), divided into three stages. The literature search was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024. The databases used were Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus and Cochrane Library Plus, with terms such as ‘Delirium AND aged’, among others. Results: 14 highly relevant articles were selected. The results show that the level of nurses' knowledge of delirium is insufficient in most of the studies. Triggering factors were found to vary greatly from study to study, with advanced age being repeatedly emphasised. Conclusion: The skills and knowledge of the nursing teams are scarce and at moderate or low levels, requiring specific educational reinforcement. Triggering factors include advanced age, dementia, systemic diseases and organ dysfunction, among many others.
The use of hydrotherapy in women during labour
Introduction: Obstetric care has undergone a great evolution over many years. Therefore, as more women seek more natural and less invasive birth options, hydrotherapy is presented as a valuable alternative, promoting a more comfortable and empowering environment during one of the most significant moments of life. Methods: A narrative bibliographic review was carried out using several databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo and Web of Science. Likewise, articles were obtained through a reverse search. The search strategy was carried out by combining the descriptors “pregnancy”, “hydrotherapy”, “effects” and “effect pain”. Results: In the search, 18 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The results obtained indicate that hydrotherapy provides positive sensations allowing relaxation and good pain management. In addition, it provides postural changes and the woman's ability to control during childbirth. However, side effects include the risk of umbilical cord avulsión, as well as an increased risk of uterine infection without hospitalization. Discussion: These findings suggest that the use of hydrotherapy is an alternative non-pharmacological analgesic method for childbirth due to the comfort provided, the ability to control and the early skin-to-skin contact among others. It is recommended that the pregnant woman has enough information about this alternative to determine for herself whether to use it.
Efficacy of acetic acid as an antiseptic in chronic infected wounds: a narrative literature review
Background: Acetic acid is associated with the treatment of wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen with high antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this review is to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of acetic acid in infected chronic wounds, clarifying its clinical safety, cytotoxicity, and the most effective concentration and application format. Methods: A bibliographic review of the literature by pairs was carried out in four databases (Pubmed, Tripdatabase, Cochrane Library and Lilacs), performing a screening by two reviewers with blinding of the articles obtained. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical practice guidelines, randomized trials, observational trials, and case series were included. Discussion: 932 articles were obtained, analyzing eight: 2 case series, 1 expert consensus, 1 ECA, 1 RCT, 1 quasi-experimental study, 1 narrative review and 1 systematic. There is consensus on the effectiveness of acetic acid as an antimicrobial, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Concentrations >2% caused pain and ≥5% burning and burns. The most used format was impregnated gauzes. Conclusions: Acetic acid offers good results as antiseptic, especially against pseudomonas. These findings should be associated with the significantly lower costs of this treatment. No contraindications were described, although adverse events exist at high concentrations. There is great clinical variability when using the product, either due to its concentration, application time, format or spacing. A shortage of quality studies has been detected, especially RCTs; more quality evidence is needed.