Delirium y Enfermería en adultos y adultos mayores. Revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51326/ec.8.5745749Palabras clave:
delirium, factores desencadenantes, conocimientos, enfermería, adultoResumen
Introducción: Delirium o síndrome confusional es un trastorno neurocognitivo con diferente sintomatología orientada a las alteraciones cognitivas de la conciencia y de la atención. Las nuevas investigaciones son escasas, por lo que aparece la necesidad de la realización del presente estudio, una actualización de conocimientos sobre un síndrome relevante desde el enfoque del gremio de la enfermería.
Objetivo general: Realizar una recopilación de conocimientos científicos sobre el delirium aplicado en personas adultas y mayores desde la perspectiva enfermera, buscando estudiar específicamente los factores desencadenantes y el nivel de conocimiento en los profesionales enfermeros.
Metodología: Estudio de revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica actual (últimos 5 años), y dividido en tres etapas. La búsqueda de literatura se aproximó desde los meses de diciembre de 2023 a febrero de 2024. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus y Cochrane Library Plus, con términos como “Delirium AND Aged”, entre otros.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 14 artículos de alta relevancia. Los resultados evidencian que respecto al nivel de conocimientos de las enfermeras sobre el delirium, este es insuficiente en la mayoría de los estudios. En los factores desencadenantes, se encontraron gran variedad según el estudio, donde la edad avanzada se recalca repetidamente.
Conclusión: Las competencias y conocimientos de los equipos de enfermería son escasos y se encuentran en niveles moderados o bajos, necesitando de un refuerzo educativo específico. Entre los factores desencadenantes destacan la edad avanzada, la demencia, enfermedades sistémicas y disfunciones orgánicas, entre muchos otros.
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