Burnout syndrome in pre-complex examination nursing students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51326/ec.9.5691878Keywords:
Burnout Syndrome, Depersonalization, Emotional Exhaustion, Maslach, Personal FulfillmentAbstract
The present study aimed to analyze the presence of Burnout Syndrome among final-semester Nursing students prior to taking the comprehensive examination. The research was conducted with 134 fourth-semester students from the Libertad Higher Technological University Institute in Quito, Ecuador. To assess the syndrome, the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI-SS) was administered. This instrument consists of 22 items that evaluate three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment.
The results revealed that a significant proportion of students experienced symptoms associated with Burnout. Regarding emotional exhaustion, 32.84% of the participants presented high levels, while 49.25% showed low levels. In terms of personal accomplishment, 51.49% achieved high levels; however, 48.51% reported a low perception of academic success. Concerning depersonalization, 37.31% demonstrated high levels, reflecting a degree of emotional detachment from the learning process.
The relationship between Burnout and variables such as gender, academic workload, number of children, and study hours was also examined. Students with greater family responsibilities tended to experience higher levels of emotional exhaustion, whereas those who devoted more time to studying reported greater fatigue and lower academic satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated that younger students experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion (β = -0.57; p = 0.040). Furthermore, the instrument demonstrated high reliability (α = 0.824).
Additionally, greater resilience was found to be associated with lower emotional exhaustion and higher personal accomplishment, highlighting the importance of implementing support strategies and stress-management interventions to promote the well-being of future nursing professionals.
References
1. Ramírez Pérez M, Lee Maturana S-L. Síndrome de Burnout entre hombres y mujeres medido por el clima y la satisfacción laboral. Polis (Santiago, En línea). 2011;10(30):431-46. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/polis/v10n30/art20.pdf [Consultado 14-05-2025]
2. Caballero Domínguez CC, Hederich C, Palacio Sañudo JE. El burnout académico: delimitación del síndrome y factores asociados con su aparición. Rev Latinoam Psicol. 2010;42(1):131-46. Disponible en: https://revistalatinoamericanadepsicologia.konradlorenz.edu.co/uploads/pdf/06b542c4-263d-4b53-9680-7c301cef20f8.pdf [Consultado 22-06-2025]
3. Arango Agudelo S, Castaño Castrillón JJ, Henao Restrepo CJ, Jiménez Aguilar DP, López Henao AF, Páez Cala ML. Síndrome de burnout y factores asociados en estudiantes de I a X semestre de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Manizales (Colombia). 2009. Manizales: Universidad de Manizales; 2010. Disponible en: https://ridum.umanizales.edu.co/items/91073326-1dd9-4072-b960-2f49e55b6412 [Consultado 05-08-2025]
4. García Rodríguez R, Sánchez Parrales L, Dueñas Segovia F, Meza Macías A. El síndrome de burnout y sus consecuencias en la salud mental de los docentes. Sinapsis (Portoviejo). 2021;1(19). Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8474727 [Consultado 19-07-2025]
5. Rosales Ricardo Y, Rosales Paneque FR. Hacia un estudio bidimensional del Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes universitarios. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2014;19(12):4767-75. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320141912.18562013
6. Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP, Maslach C. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Dev Int. 2009;14(3):204-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406
7. Moscoso M, Delgado E. La teoría del estrés crónico como modelo científico en neurociencia cognitiva. Rev Investig Psicol. 2015;18(1):167-80. https://doi.org/10.15381/rinvp.v18i1.11786
8. Manzano Díaz A. Síndrome de burnout en docentes de una Unidad Educativa, Ecuador. Horiz (El Alto). 2020;16(4):499-511. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v4i16.132
9. Galbán Padrón NF, Devonish Nava N, Guerra Velásquez M, Marín Marcano CJ. Cansancio emocional en médicos anestesiólogos, como factor asociado al síndrome de Burnout por el Covid-19. Telos (Maracaibo. Online). 2021;23(2):450-65. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos232.15
10. Hidalgo Jurado SA. Holguín Jiménez ML, Mendoza Vinces AO, Franco Poveda KG. Síndrome de Burnout en los internos de Enfermería. J Am Health. 2022;5(2). Disponible en: https://jah-journal.com/index.php/jah/article/view/135 [Consultado 09-06-2025]
11. Gavilema Vistin EP, Pilamunga Hurtado MK. Factores de riesgo asociados al Síndrome de Burnout en el personal profesional de Enfermería del Hospital Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, provincia del Guayas. Mayo 2013 -marzo 2014 [Tesis]. Guaranda (Ecuador): Universidad Estatal de Bolívar; 2014. Disponible en: https://dspace.ueb.edu.ec/items/5ee98f96-8751-4a20-95ca-fa8bbc8683d1 [Consultado 24-07-2025]
12. Vidotti V, Trevisan Martins J, Quina Galdino MJ, Perfeito Ribeiro R, Carmo Cruz Robazzi ML. Síndrome de burnout, estrés laboral y calidad de vida en trabajadores de enfermería. Enferm Glob. 2019;18(3):344-76. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.18.3.325961
13. Merino-Plaza MJ, Carreras-Hueso FJ, Arribas Boscá N, Martínez-Asensi A, Vázquez-Ferreiro P, Vargas-Morales A, et al. Burnout y factores de riesgo psicosocial en elpersonal de un hospital de larga estancia. Cad Saúde Pública. 2018;34(11): e00189217. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00189217
14. Rizo-Baeza M, Mendiola-Infante SV, Sepehri A, Palazón-Bru A, Gil-Guillén VF, Cortés-Castell E. Burnout syndrome in nurses working in palliative care units: An analysis of associated factors. J Nurs Manag. 2018;26(1):19-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12506
15. Ferreira FD, Cardoso FS, Silva JAS, Lima TV, Costa VF, Souza VP, et al. Estresse ocupacional e síndrome de burnout: o impacto no ambiente educacional. Rev Contemporânea (São José dos Pinhais. Online). 2024;4(7):1-20. https://doi.org/10.56083/RCV4N7-177
16. Jiménez-Sánchez RC, Arias-Rico J, Flores-Chávez OR, Revoreda-Montes CA, Ruvalcaba-Ledezma JC, Reynoso-Vázquez J. Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de enfermería. Educación y Salud. 2021;10(19):32-7. https://doi.org/10.29057/icsa.v10i19.7339
